What term means to gather particles on the surface of an object?

The term that means to gather particles on the surface of an object is "adsorb." This process occurs when atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid adhere to a surface, forming a film or layer on that surface. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon, distinguishing it from absorption, which involves the incorporation of particles into the bulk of a material. Understanding this distinction is crucial in fields such as chemistry and environmental science, where the behavior of substances at surfaces can significantly impact reactions and interactions. Adsorption plays a critical role in processes like catalysis, filtration, and purification, further highlighting its significance in various applications.